National Law on the Biofuels Industry (2007). Available online at: www.iea.org/policiesandmeasures/pams/malaysia/name-147425-en.php (accessed April 30, 2018). Bernama. (2021). Malaysia will become an important hub for the development of the mineral industry. Malaysian Investment Development Authority (MIDA). www.mida.gov.my/mida-news/malaysia-to-become-important-hub-for-mineral-industry-development/ Bernama. (2021). Muhyiddin: Malaysia`s forest policy unites all states in their efforts to protect forestry. www.nst.com.my/news/government-public-policy/2021/03/675798/muhyiddin-malaysian-forestry-policy-unites-all-states UNFCCC. ==References==Nationally Determined Contributions unfccc.int/process-and-meetings/the-paris-agreement/nationally-determined-contributions-ndcs/nationally-determined-contributions-ndcs the newly elected Government of Malaysia reaffirmed its commitment to reduce CO2 emissions by 45% by 2030 compared to 2005 levels, in line with the 2015 Paris Climate Agreement. (2021).
Minister of Environment Blows Up S`gor`s Plan to Degas the Kuala Langat Forest www.malaysiakini.com/news/590298?utm_source=telegram&utm_medium=textlink&utm_campaign=mkininews The Malaysian Youth Delegation (MYD) was founded in 2015 and is a youth-led organisation in Malaysia that focuses on climate policy and negotiations, providing a platform for curious and interested young people to explore the world of agreements on climate. MYD strives to educate the public about climate policy by organizing trainings and public lectures. MYD also regularly cooperates with the Malaysian government on climate policy. The Klang Valley region has seen the most dramatic improvements in transport connectivity (thanks to changes in urban planning) over the past decade. In addition to completing a new bus rapid transit line in 2015 and a rapid transit line in 2017, the government has improved physical and electronic infrastructure to better connect the various forms of transit that already exist. Projects include covered sidewalks, roadways and the development of single payment systems for multiple modes of transit. Improved public transport in Kuala Lumpur (combined with increasing traffic congestion) has boosted ridership (Gitano and Leong, 2016; Gitano-Briggs, 2017; Confidential, 2018a, I. 2; Gitano-Briggs et al., 2018; Ming and Dashun, 2018).
The German government has signed an agreement with Singapore on the construction of a high-speed rail link between Kuala Lumpur and Singapore. The project has the potential to reduce vehicle (and air) traffic in Malaysia`s main north-south corridor once completed in 2026 (Gitano-Briggs et al., 2018). Bernama (2017). Pemandu is not privatized, says IDRIS Jala | Liberate Malaysia today. Liberate Malaysia today. Available online at: www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2017/05/09/pemandu-not-privatised-says-idris-jala/ (accessed April 8, 2018). Gordon, J. (2016).
Low-carbon development planning in Iskandar, Malaysia: assessing the role of epistemic communities. Available online at: malaysiacities.mit.edu/sites/default/files/documents/jGordon.pdf (accessed May 29, 2018). Hamid, J. (2008). The Malaysian prime minister is in danger when Mahathir leaves the party. Reuters. Available online at: www.reuters.com/article/us-malaysia-mahathir/malaysia-ex-pm-mahathir-quits-ruling-party-umno-idUSKLR14546620080519 (accessed April 8, 2018). The Straits Times.
(2018). Malaysia drafts climate change law, formulates national adaptation and mitigation plan www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/malaysia-to-draft-climate-change-act-formulate-national-adaptation-and-mitigation-plan This research was supported by the MIT-UTM Malaysia Sustainable Cities Program (malaysiacities.mit.edu), a collaboration between the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, funded by the Ministry of Education . NDCs combine the top-down system of a traditional international agreement with bottom-up system elements by which countries set their own goals and policies in the context of their own national circumstances, capacities and priorities, with the aim of reducing global greenhouse gas emissions to such an extent that anthropogenic temperature increase is limited to well below 2°C (3.6°F) compared to pre-industrial levels; and continue efforts to limit the increase to 1.5°C (2.7°F). [2] [3]). After the Paris Agreement entered into force in 2016, INDCs were the first NDCs when a country ratified the agreement, unless it decided to submit a new NDC at the same time. NDCs are the first greenhouse gas targets of the UNFCCC that apply to both developed and developing countries. [2] Respondents explained the many challenges hampering forest review efforts. First, there is disagreement about the extent of illegal logging and clearing of forests for farms. Most respondents cited this as a small problem. Several pointed out that legal logging, East Malaysia`s largest industry, was more problematic; Forestry companies often harvest more than their allocated shares and evict local citizens to industrial concession areas (Amir, 2018, I.20; Confidential, 2018b, I. 3, Confidential, 2017-2018, I.
10; Gitano-Briggs et al., 2018; Jinggut and Dzulkifli, 2018, I. 18; Rao, 2018, I. 8; Wong, 2018). Second, respondents highlighted the difficulty of drawing attention to the ease of forest degassing. Degassing does not require public disclosure, making it difficult to mobilize against specific degassing efforts (Jinggut and Dzulkifli, 2018). If protected forests can be easily degassed, how effective should this decarbonisation tool be in the long term? Third, respondents highlighted the inability of federal and state governments to properly enforce quotas, catch forged documents, fight local corruption, and adequately protect forests from illegal logging. Others praised current efforts to beautify forests while commenting on the irreversible loss of many pristine areas as well as the expansion of agricultural activities on or near forests (Confidentiel, 2018b, I.3; Confidential, 2017-2018, I. 10; Jinggut and Dzulkifli, 2018).
Fifth, although the current forest cover is about 59 per cent, the conservation plans only set the goal of preserving 50 per cent of the forest cover. This means that the government can “just sit back and wait.” Sixth, the government does not appear to be committed to ensuring that forests are not converted to other land uses. For example, although the government has promised to limit total palm oil plantations to six million hectares, it has remained silent on this issue since that limit was crossed. Others point to the destruction of supposedly protected forests so that new infrastructure projects can be built (Confidentiel, 2018b, I. 3, Confidentiel, 2017/2018, I. 10; Gitano-Briggs et al., 2018; Jinggut and Dzulkifli, 2018; Wong, 2018). In addition, in most cases, forest areas are designated as permanent forest reserves (as opposed to national or state parks). This classification does not exclude logging. Deforestation through sustainable forest management (SFM) is still allowed. However, this type of deforestation is associated with increased forest degradation (Wong, 2018). The Climate Change Performance Index, the Climate Action Tracker[17] and the Climate Clock) can be used to continuously track online how well each country is currently on track to meet its commitments under the Paris Agreement.
However, the Climate Change Performance Index, Climate Action Tracking and Climate Clock only provide a general overview of countries` current collective and individual emission reductions. .